Difference between revisions of "William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park"

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[[Image:Clinton-center.jpg|thumb|Main structures on grounds of the William J.Clinton Presidential Center]]
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[[Image:Clinton-center.jpg|thumb|300px|Main structures on the grounds of the William J. Clinton Presidential Center]]
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The '''William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park''' is the home of the [[Clinton Presidential Library]], the [[Clinton School of Public Service]], and the [[Clinton Public Policy Institute]]. The Library was funded by the [[William J. Clinton Foundation]].  
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The '''William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park''' located at 1200 East President Clinton Avenue is the home of the [[Clinton Presidential Library]] and the [[Clinton School of Public Service]]. The Library was funded by the [[William J. Clinton Foundation]]. The Presidential Center and Park is located on an old 27.2 acre industrial brownfield just east of the I-40 ramp and [[River Market District]] on the south bank of the Arkansas River in Little Rock.  
  
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The main building, comprising the Clinton Library Museum and
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All of the buildings on the site, except the renovated [[Choctaw Railway Station]], were designed by New York architects [[James Polshek]] and [[Richard Olcott]]. The total floorspace in all Clinton Presidential Center buildings is 152,000 square feet, or about 3.5 acres.
  
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The Clinton Presidential Center is the most expensive privately-funded construction project in Little Rock history. More than 112,000 people made donations to defray the $165 million in construction costs for the presidential center complex. The names of many of these donors are etched in commemorative bricks and 12"x6" granite blocks outside the main entrance to the museum. Regular upkeep of the facilities - estimated at $4 million in the first year of operation - is supported by an endowment of $7.2 million and regular funds of the [[National Archives and Records Administration]]. Entry fees pay for public programs.
  
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LITTLE ROCK, Ark., Nov. 19 - With its sleek horizontal form hovering at the edge of the Arkansas River, the new William J. Clinton Presidential Center has been called by promoters a "bridge to the 21st century," a trite allusion to one of the former president's favorite themes. Locals snicker that it looks like an enormous double-wide trailer. Actually, its best elements fall somewhere between those two extremes.
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The Clinton Foundation has logged approximately 800,000 official visits to the Clinton Library in the first two years since the [[Library opening]]. To encourage visitors, the Foundation has worked to include the Library on the route of regional bus tours to related sites like the National Civil Rights Museum and Graceland in Memphis.
  
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Designed by James Polshek and Richard Olcott of the New York-based firm Polshek Partnership, the library has moments of genuine architectural power. Its sleek cantilevered form thrusts out aggressively toward the river, anchoring the building in the landscape. Its modern appearance masks a firm grasp of local vernacular traditions, from decaying industrial bridges to the rickety shotgun shacks that are a haunting emblem of the old South.
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==Clinton Presidential Library==
  
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The result is a building that embodies the kind of progressive centrist values that Mr. Clinton virtually defined. The design ranks at the top of a long list of presidential libraries; for example, above I. M. Pei's sleek 1979 design for the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston. Like that model, the obvious aim is to provide the patina of respectability and in the process help cement Mr. Clinton's legacy in the public imagination.
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The main building, comprising the Clinton Library Museum and Great Hall, has been variously called a "bridge to the 21st century" (a favorite Clinton expression) as it cantilevers ninety feet out towards the [[Arkansas River]]'s edge, and as the "presidential double-wide" for its color, shape, and association with a president from small-town Arkansas. The Library is essentially a long, rectangular box elevated forty feet off the ground. A two-story veranda is attached to three sides of the building.
  
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It's a dignified approach but not a compelling one. The design fails to tap into the psychological complexity or political nuances that made Bill Clinton one of the most fascinating characters of our era - the charisma, the supple mind, the populist touch. In straining so hard to project the library's gravitas, Mr. Polshek gives us a solid but predictable design.
+
Foundation chairman [[Skip Rutherford]] noted that [[Bill Clinton]] and the architects created the building to meet four specific goals: longterm architectural significance, environmental sensitivity, tourism potential, and economic revitalization of a declining warehouse district. Clinton has noted that the building represents "the first green Presidential Library, featuring solar panels and other improvements that have enabled us to cut energy usage by more than 30 percent. ... [I]t is simply breathtaking, especially when lit up, with its sparkling glass frame, river backdrop, and visibility to people driving by on the interstate."
  
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The library overlooks a long, narrow 28-acre park that runs along the river's edge just east of the city center. Designed by the New York-based landscape architects Hargreaves Associates, the park is composed of a series of gently sloping, faceted grass lawns whose surfaces dissolve into the rougher texture of the existing riverfront. The rusted arching trusses of the Rock Island Railroad Bridge spans the river just west of the library. Built at the turn of the 20th century, the bridge has a crusty beauty that evokes Little Rock's industrial past. Just beyond it is the muscular concrete form of an elevated freeway.
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Architectural critic Nicolai Ouroussoff has written that the library building evinces "a firm grasp of local vernacular traditions, from decaying industrial bridges to the rickety shotgun shacks that are a haunting emblem of the old South." Ouroussoff believed that Polshek's plans fell short, however, as the Library architecture did not "tap into the psychological complexity or political nuances that made Bill Clinton one of the most fascinating characters of our era - the charisma, the supple mind, the populist touch."
  
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Set perpendicular to the river, the library looks comparatively slick. The building's massive steel form rests on pylons at one end, with the glass-enclosed lobby and cafe tucked underneath. Clad in large aluminum panels and laminated glass, the building seems to float above the landscape, echoing the forms of nearby bridges that span the river to the west. The Clintons' private apartment, wrapped in gray-green glass, is perched on top, barely visible above the parapet.
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The building and its architect were recipients of the prestigious 2006 Institute Honor Award for Architecture. The American Institute of Architects awards committee noted that the building invoked "a different vocabulary for a presidential library."
  
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To break up the building's monumentality, the architect punctures the facade with a series of large windows, some two stories high. Yet the library's machinelike exterior looms over the setting like an aircraft carrier. And like most of Mr. Polshek's best work, its strength stems from the purity of its formal language rather than any architectural subtlety. Unabashedly modern, it embraces both contemporary orthodoxies and the rawness of an older industrial past.
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* [[Clinton Library museum exhibits]]
  
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That effect is more emphatic inside. Most visitors will enter from the south, passing along the building's flank and slipping underneath this form into the lobby. The belly of the concrete structure that houses most of the library's mechanical systems slopes up above you on both sides, so that the full weight of the building bears down on you, creating a wonderful sense of compression. From here, you turn back and slip outside the main form and along the side of the building, where you can step out onto a long veranda projecting toward the river, framing a spectacular view of the old bridge.
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By far the most popular attraction at the Clinton Presidential Center is the 20,000 square feet of museum exhibits. Visitors are reminded to first visit the 80-seat [[orientation theater]], which includes an endlessly repeating film documenting Clinton's life and work. Gigantic cherry bookcases housing about three percent of all Clinton administration papers frame 20,000 square feet of museum space found on the main and upper levels. One hundred and ten feet of oversize interactive displays designed by [[Ralph Appelbaum Associates]] stand at angles in the center of the exhibit space. The displays are surrounded by thirteen policy alcoves also created by Appelbaum. The upper level features the Life in the White House exhibit, the Music Room, a temporary exhibit room, and a scale model of the [[Oval Office]] painstakingly recreated by [[Kaki Hockersmith]]. The library houses some 77,000 artifacts on site, though only a fraction are on exhibit at any given time. The current charge for visiting the museum exhibits is $7 for adults.  
  
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The veranda's long, narrow form is a riff on the shotgun houses in the poor neighborhoods just south of the library. And it demonstrates Mr. Polshek's ability to connect his work to local history without mimicking it.
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* [[Clinton Library Archives]]
  
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In one of the design's most elegant gestures, the glass walls enclosing the veranda break open at one corner of the building, which is supported by a system of rugged steel cross-braces. The opening frames a view of the muscular, decrepit form of the old bridge, drawing it into the composition and imbuing the scene with a sudden romantic touch.
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The Clinton Library Archives are housed at the Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas, and administered by 11 staff archivists from the [[National Archives and Records Administration]]. The archives include approximately 35,000 cubic feet of material. This material includes 77 million pages of documents, 1.8 million photographs, 88,000 rolls of film, 12,500 videotapes, and assorted electronic files. Also in the archives are 14,000 books from Clinton's personal library.
  
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The design is otherwise dully conventional. The second-floor exhibition spaces are flanked by towering cherry wood bookcases inspired by those at the Trinity College library in Dublin - a favorite building of Mr. Clinton's but weirdly out of place here. A row of canted steel-clad interactive display panels runs down the middle of the room.
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* [[Café 42]]
  
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Designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates, they are pure kitsch: they neither enliven the space nor give it form, and they distract from the strong geometry of the architectural forms. The third-floor galleries are on twin balconies above this space. Smaller in scale, they are riddled with memorabilia of the Clintons' years in the White House, from an elaborate glass Christmas tree by the artist Dale Chihuly to an ivory inaugural gown worn by Hillary Rodham Clinton to a stuffed version of the Clintons' cat, Socks.
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Café 42 is a restaurant located in the Clinton Library at 1200 President Clinton Avenue. Café 42 officially opened for business on November 22, 2004. Café 42 chef [[James Hughes]] offers up fried alligator bites and reuben sandwiches. The restaurant offers regular jazz performances, a Sunday brunch and buffet, and a lunchtime salad bar.
  
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But the most mesmerizing space on this floor is a reproduction of the Oval Office, planted at one end like a stage set. On the morning of the building's formal opening, clusters of visitors peered through the office doors to view the overwrought carved wood desk, a reproduction of the one originally used by President Rutherford B. Hayes. Busts of former presidents - Thomas Jefferson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman - are scattered around the room.
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* [[Clinton Library apartment]]
  
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Mr. Clinton spent hours fiddling with the architect to get the mood here just right. In particular, he wanted to avoid the faux glitz he found in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Tex., where the Oval Office is bizarrely replicated at seven-eighths the original scale. By comparison, the Clinton version is a near-exact copy - an honest fake that manages to evoke a real sense of the weight of history.
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The Clinton Library apartment is a 5,000 square foot glass-walled "executive suite" located atop the Clinton Library in downtown Little Rock, Arkansas. The apartment has been compared to Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House. [[Kaki Hockersmith]] designed the interior space of the apartment.
  
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But it also reflects what's such a downer about the building: its relentless earnestness. Mr. Polshek's best architecture has a straightforward clarity. The Rose Center, his shimmering glass-box planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History, evokes the purity of Enlightenment ideals even as it seems to dissolve into the canopy of trees surrounding it. But his lesser projects have a predictable academic quality, as if he were designing by numbers. All of the right moves are there, but there are no surprises, no elements of sudden, unexpected beauty.
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* [[Clinton Library Great Hall]]
  
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Mr. Clinton is a fervent Elvis fan, and as with Elvis, there has always been something subversively seductive about his character. The library's design, by comparison, stays carefully on the surface. It is the difference, to paraphrase that wonderful line from the critic Dave Hickey, between the genuine rhinestone and the imitation pearl.  
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The Clinton Library Great Hall and Terrace is located on the south end of the Clinton Library. The Great Hall can seat 220 people for banquets or 400 for concert performances.
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[[Image:Clinton-library-large.jpg|thumb|1280 px|The Clinton Library. Photo by James Hyde.]]
  
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==Clinton School of Public Service==
  
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==Clinton Presidential Library==
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The [[Clinton School of Public Service]] is an educational institution affiliated with the University of Arkansas system. The School is located in Sturgis Hall at Choctaw Station on the grounds of the Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas. The first dean of the Clinton School of Public Service was former U.S. Senator [[David Pryor]]. The Clinton School offers a two year program culminating in a master's degree in public service. Masters of Public Service degree. Bill Clinton, who often spoke of the "nobility of public service" during his presidency, helped design the curriculum for the school. Some parts of the program are modeled after Boston's John F. Kennedy School of Government.
  
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''See also''
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* [[Sturgis Hall]]
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* [[museum exhibits]]
 
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* [[archives]]
 
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* [[Café 42]]
 
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* [[Clinton Library apartment]]
 
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* [[Clinton Library digitization project]]
 
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* [[Elvis collection]]
 
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* [[Kittinger Furniture Company]]
 
  
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==Clinton School of Public Service==
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Sturgis Hall is a building on the grounds of the William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park. It houses both the Clinton School of Public Service and the Clinton Public Policy Institute. Sturgis Hall is located in the old [[Choctaw Railway Station]], which was renamed in honor of the Trust of Roy and Christine Sturgis, which paid for the station's renovation effort.
  
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''See also''
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* [[Skip Rutherford]]
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* [[Choctaw Railway Station]]
 
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* [[Skip Rutherford]]
 
  
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==Clinton Public Policy Institute==
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James L. (Skip) Rutherford is William J. Clinton Professor and Dean of the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service (May 2006-present). Rutherford is past chairman (1997-2006) of the nonprofit William J. Clinton Foundation, which oversaw construction of the Clinton Presidential Center.
  
 
==Building Architecture and Design==
 
==Building Architecture and Design==
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[[Image:Backside-clinton-library.jpg|thumb|300px|Much less observed eastern side of Clinton Library. Photo by Phil Frana.]]
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The elevated design of the building meant that wind uplift was a concern. A model of the building had to be tested in a wind tunnel. The [[Polshek Partnership]] solved the problem of solar gain on the west side of the building by adding the "front porch."
  
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''See also''
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''See''
 
* [[Ceilings Plus]]
 
* [[Ceilings Plus]]
 
* [[Cerami and Associates]]
 
* [[Cerami and Associates]]
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==Building Construction==
 
==Building Construction==
  
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''See also''
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''See''
 
* [[CDI Contractors]]
 
* [[CDI Contractors]]
 
* [[ClintonCam]]
 
* [[ClintonCam]]
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* [[Pilkington glass]]
 
* [[Pilkington glass]]
  
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==Landscape Architecture & Site Remediation==
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==Site Selection, Landscape Architecture, and Remediation==
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 +
On February 13, 1997, Clinton made public his selection of Little Rock as the site for his library over Fayetteville, Hot Springs, North Little Rock, and Hope. About thirty local sites in Little Rock were in the running as potential locations for the presidential center. A site near the [[Cathedral School]] was rejected because of high voltage overhead electrical wires and bustling train activity. An area east of the [[Arkansas Arts Center]] was eliminated because exit ramps were too short for tour buses to negotiate. The Crystal Hills neighborhood of North Little Rock was excluded on the grounds that it was too remote.
 +
 
 +
The Presidential Center Park sits on a former waterfront warehouse district in downtown Little Rock. Prior to its purchase for $16.5 million by the [[City of Little Rock]], the site was in the hands of eleven separate landowners. The City issued bonds to be paid off by a 50 percent hike in public golf course greens fees and an increase in [[Little Rock Zoo]] ticket prices to pay for the various tracts of land. [[George Hargreaves]] is the designer of the landscaped park surrounding the buildings of the Clinton Presidential Center. All of the parkland is maintained by the City of Little Rock.
  
 
''See also''
 
''See also''
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* [[Play Site Architecture]]
 
* [[Play Site Architecture]]
 
* [[Rock Island Bridge]]
 
* [[Rock Island Bridge]]
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* [[Time capsule]]
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* [[Time capsule]]
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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==References==
 
==References==
 +
 +
*Fred Bernstein, "Archive Architecture: Setting the Spin in Stone," ''New York Times,'' June 10, 2004.
 +
*"Clinton Library Jump-Starts Downtown Little Rock," ''American Libraries,'' 34.2 (February 2003): 23.
 +
*Kira L. Gould, "Glassy, Open Clinton Presidential Center to 'Put Things in the Light,'" ''Architectural Record'' 189.2 (February 2001): 31.
 +
*Edward Klump, "Clinton Center Adds to District's Flowering River Market Area; Took Vision, Time," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' November 14, 2004.
 +
*Edward Klump, "Little Rock Rode High on Tourism During '05," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' February 3, 2006.
 +
*Cathleen McGuigan, "Bill's New Bridge," ''Newsweek,'' September 13, 2004.
 
*Nicolai Ouroussoff, "Architecture Review: William J. Clinton Presidential Center an Earnest Building for a Complex President," ''New York Times,'' November 25, 2004.
 
*Nicolai Ouroussoff, "Architecture Review: William J. Clinton Presidential Center an Earnest Building for a Complex President," ''New York Times,'' November 25, 2004.
 +
*Jill Zeman, "Clinton Center's Design Lauded; Library One of 30 Buildings to Receive Architecture Group's Award," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' January 14, 2006.
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*
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 +
*[http://ascedev.inforonics.com/ceonline/ceonline05/0305feat.html Daniel A. Sesil and Onur Güleç, "Commanding Presence," ''Civil Engineering Magazine'' 75.3 (March 2005): 42-49.]

Latest revision as of 23:02, 28 October 2009

Main structures on the grounds of the William J. Clinton Presidential Center

The William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park located at 1200 East President Clinton Avenue is the home of the Clinton Presidential Library and the Clinton School of Public Service. The Library was funded by the William J. Clinton Foundation. The Presidential Center and Park is located on an old 27.2 acre industrial brownfield just east of the I-40 ramp and River Market District on the south bank of the Arkansas River in Little Rock.

All of the buildings on the site, except the renovated Choctaw Railway Station, were designed by New York architects James Polshek and Richard Olcott. The total floorspace in all Clinton Presidential Center buildings is 152,000 square feet, or about 3.5 acres.

The Clinton Presidential Center is the most expensive privately-funded construction project in Little Rock history. More than 112,000 people made donations to defray the $165 million in construction costs for the presidential center complex. The names of many of these donors are etched in commemorative bricks and 12"x6" granite blocks outside the main entrance to the museum. Regular upkeep of the facilities - estimated at $4 million in the first year of operation - is supported by an endowment of $7.2 million and regular funds of the National Archives and Records Administration. Entry fees pay for public programs.

The Clinton Foundation has logged approximately 800,000 official visits to the Clinton Library in the first two years since the Library opening. To encourage visitors, the Foundation has worked to include the Library on the route of regional bus tours to related sites like the National Civil Rights Museum and Graceland in Memphis.

Clinton Presidential Library

The main building, comprising the Clinton Library Museum and Great Hall, has been variously called a "bridge to the 21st century" (a favorite Clinton expression) as it cantilevers ninety feet out towards the Arkansas River's edge, and as the "presidential double-wide" for its color, shape, and association with a president from small-town Arkansas. The Library is essentially a long, rectangular box elevated forty feet off the ground. A two-story veranda is attached to three sides of the building.

Foundation chairman Skip Rutherford noted that Bill Clinton and the architects created the building to meet four specific goals: longterm architectural significance, environmental sensitivity, tourism potential, and economic revitalization of a declining warehouse district. Clinton has noted that the building represents "the first green Presidential Library, featuring solar panels and other improvements that have enabled us to cut energy usage by more than 30 percent. ... [I]t is simply breathtaking, especially when lit up, with its sparkling glass frame, river backdrop, and visibility to people driving by on the interstate."

Architectural critic Nicolai Ouroussoff has written that the library building evinces "a firm grasp of local vernacular traditions, from decaying industrial bridges to the rickety shotgun shacks that are a haunting emblem of the old South." Ouroussoff believed that Polshek's plans fell short, however, as the Library architecture did not "tap into the psychological complexity or political nuances that made Bill Clinton one of the most fascinating characters of our era - the charisma, the supple mind, the populist touch."

The building and its architect were recipients of the prestigious 2006 Institute Honor Award for Architecture. The American Institute of Architects awards committee noted that the building invoked "a different vocabulary for a presidential library."

By far the most popular attraction at the Clinton Presidential Center is the 20,000 square feet of museum exhibits. Visitors are reminded to first visit the 80-seat orientation theater, which includes an endlessly repeating film documenting Clinton's life and work. Gigantic cherry bookcases housing about three percent of all Clinton administration papers frame 20,000 square feet of museum space found on the main and upper levels. One hundred and ten feet of oversize interactive displays designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates stand at angles in the center of the exhibit space. The displays are surrounded by thirteen policy alcoves also created by Appelbaum. The upper level features the Life in the White House exhibit, the Music Room, a temporary exhibit room, and a scale model of the Oval Office painstakingly recreated by Kaki Hockersmith. The library houses some 77,000 artifacts on site, though only a fraction are on exhibit at any given time. The current charge for visiting the museum exhibits is $7 for adults.

The Clinton Library Archives are housed at the Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas, and administered by 11 staff archivists from the National Archives and Records Administration. The archives include approximately 35,000 cubic feet of material. This material includes 77 million pages of documents, 1.8 million photographs, 88,000 rolls of film, 12,500 videotapes, and assorted electronic files. Also in the archives are 14,000 books from Clinton's personal library.

Café 42 is a restaurant located in the Clinton Library at 1200 President Clinton Avenue. Café 42 officially opened for business on November 22, 2004. Café 42 chef James Hughes offers up fried alligator bites and reuben sandwiches. The restaurant offers regular jazz performances, a Sunday brunch and buffet, and a lunchtime salad bar.

The Clinton Library apartment is a 5,000 square foot glass-walled "executive suite" located atop the Clinton Library in downtown Little Rock, Arkansas. The apartment has been compared to Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House. Kaki Hockersmith designed the interior space of the apartment.

The Clinton Library Great Hall and Terrace is located on the south end of the Clinton Library. The Great Hall can seat 220 people for banquets or 400 for concert performances.

The Clinton Library. Photo by James Hyde.

Clinton School of Public Service

The Clinton School of Public Service is an educational institution affiliated with the University of Arkansas system. The School is located in Sturgis Hall at Choctaw Station on the grounds of the Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas. The first dean of the Clinton School of Public Service was former U.S. Senator David Pryor. The Clinton School offers a two year program culminating in a master's degree in public service. Masters of Public Service degree. Bill Clinton, who often spoke of the "nobility of public service" during his presidency, helped design the curriculum for the school. Some parts of the program are modeled after Boston's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Sturgis Hall is a building on the grounds of the William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park. It houses both the Clinton School of Public Service and the Clinton Public Policy Institute. Sturgis Hall is located in the old Choctaw Railway Station, which was renamed in honor of the Trust of Roy and Christine Sturgis, which paid for the station's renovation effort.

James L. (Skip) Rutherford is William J. Clinton Professor and Dean of the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service (May 2006-present). Rutherford is past chairman (1997-2006) of the nonprofit William J. Clinton Foundation, which oversaw construction of the Clinton Presidential Center.

Building Architecture and Design

Much less observed eastern side of Clinton Library. Photo by Phil Frana.

The elevated design of the building meant that wind uplift was a concern. A model of the building had to be tested in a wind tunnel. The Polshek Partnership solved the problem of solar gain on the west side of the building by adding the "front porch."

See

Building Construction

See

Site Selection, Landscape Architecture, and Remediation

On February 13, 1997, Clinton made public his selection of Little Rock as the site for his library over Fayetteville, Hot Springs, North Little Rock, and Hope. About thirty local sites in Little Rock were in the running as potential locations for the presidential center. A site near the Cathedral School was rejected because of high voltage overhead electrical wires and bustling train activity. An area east of the Arkansas Arts Center was eliminated because exit ramps were too short for tour buses to negotiate. The Crystal Hills neighborhood of North Little Rock was excluded on the grounds that it was too remote.

The Presidential Center Park sits on a former waterfront warehouse district in downtown Little Rock. Prior to its purchase for $16.5 million by the City of Little Rock, the site was in the hands of eleven separate landowners. The City issued bonds to be paid off by a 50 percent hike in public golf course greens fees and an increase in Little Rock Zoo ticket prices to pay for the various tracts of land. George Hargreaves is the designer of the landscaped park surrounding the buildings of the Clinton Presidential Center. All of the parkland is maintained by the City of Little Rock.

See also

See also

References

  • Fred Bernstein, "Archive Architecture: Setting the Spin in Stone," New York Times, June 10, 2004.
  • "Clinton Library Jump-Starts Downtown Little Rock," American Libraries, 34.2 (February 2003): 23.
  • Kira L. Gould, "Glassy, Open Clinton Presidential Center to 'Put Things in the Light,'" Architectural Record 189.2 (February 2001): 31.
  • Edward Klump, "Clinton Center Adds to District's Flowering River Market Area; Took Vision, Time," Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, November 14, 2004.
  • Edward Klump, "Little Rock Rode High on Tourism During '05," Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, February 3, 2006.
  • Cathleen McGuigan, "Bill's New Bridge," Newsweek, September 13, 2004.
  • Nicolai Ouroussoff, "Architecture Review: William J. Clinton Presidential Center an Earnest Building for a Complex President," New York Times, November 25, 2004.
  • Jill Zeman, "Clinton Center's Design Lauded; Library One of 30 Buildings to Receive Architecture Group's Award," Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, January 14, 2006.

External links

Retrieved from "https://honors.uca.edu/wiki/index.php?title=William_J._Clinton_Presidential_Center_and_Park&oldid=11774"