Dry counties - Revision history

Phil: /* Temperance */

2011-05-18T14:23:47Z

‎Temperance

Phil at 19:44, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:44:43Z

Phil: /* References */

2011-05-17T19:30:59Z

‎References

Phil at 19:16, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:16:37Z

Phil: /* Damp Arkansas */

2011-05-17T19:16:08Z

‎Damp Arkansas

Phil: /* Damp Arkansas */

2011-05-17T19:15:34Z

‎Damp Arkansas

Phil at 19:15, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:15:14Z

Phil at 19:08, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:08:53Z

Phil at 19:04, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:04:24Z

Phil at 19:03, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T19:03:26Z

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 The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street. In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.
-The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on dry county measures at least every two years. An 1885 law closed saloons on Sundays, and an 1899 law outlawed the sale of alcohol from one private citizen to another. In 1894, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. Many counties by 1900 had already made themselves dry. The Anti-Saloon League fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations. A state referendum on whether to ban liquor permitting failed by a vote of 69,390 to 85,358.
+The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on dry county measures at least every two years. An 1885 law closed saloons on Sundays, and an 1899 law outlawed the sale of alcohol from one private citizen to another. In that same year, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. Many counties by 1900 had already made themselves dry. The Anti-Saloon League fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations. A state referendum on whether to ban liquor permitting failed by a vote of 69,390 to 85,358.
 ====Prohibition====

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 The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street. In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.
-The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on dry county measures at least every two years. An 1885 law closed saloons on Sundays, and an 1899 law outlawed the sale of alcohol from one private citizen to another. In 1894, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. Many counties by 1900 had already made themselves dry. The Anti-Saloon League fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations.
+The [[Arkansas General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on dry county measures at least every two years. An 1885 law closed saloons on Sundays, and an 1899 law outlawed the sale of alcohol from one private citizen to another. In 1894, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. Many counties by 1900 had already made themselves dry. The Anti-Saloon League fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations. A state referendum on whether to ban liquor permitting failed by a vote of 69,390 to 85,358.
 ====Prohibition====
-The [[Arkansas Liquor Law of 1913]] made the entire state officially dry, though anti-prohibitionists claimed a small victory in that the act allowed saloons and bars to petition county courts for licenses, much like Arkansas bars and clubs do today. The [[Newberry Act of 1915]] outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol within state borders. In the year of the passage of the Newberry Act, only twelve counties remained "wet."
+The [[Arkansas Liquor Law of 1913]], sponsored by nineteen senators, made "it unlawful for any court, town or city council to issue
 The shipment of liquor into the state was prohibited two years later under the [["Bone Dry" Liquor Law of 1917|Arkansas State Liquor Law of 1917]]. Commonly called the "Bone Dry" Liquor Law, the 1917 law outlawed "the transportation, delivery, and storage of liquor, excepting only alcohols used for scientific, religious, and medical purposes." The "Bone Dry" Law finally finished off "wet" supporters in Arkansas by attempting to completely eliminate alcohol sales in the state. The only victory left for them to claim was a Supreme Court decision that the "Bone Dry" Law did not prevent individuals from crossing into the state with alcohol.

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 ==References==
 *Tom Dillard, "How's About a Drink?" ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' July 18, 2010.
 *Jack Schnedler, "Bottle Battles: The Never-Ending War Over Alcohol in Arkansas Plays Out in a Sprightly Exhibit and Book," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' May 8, 2005.
-*Joe L. Coker, ''Liquor in the Land of the Lost Cause: Southern White Evangelicals and the Prohibition Movement'' (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007), 234.
+*David Y. Thomas, "Liquor Legislation in Arkansas," ''American Political Science Review'' 7.3 (August 1913): 434-435.
 ==External links==

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 Into the time of the [[Civil War]], Arkansas was known to be part of "the land of Dixie and whiskey." As early as the 1810s visitors to central Arkansas complained of traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work.
-====Temperance movement====
+====Temperance====
 The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street. In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.

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 Liquor sales in hotels and restaurants was permitted under a General Assembly law passed in 1943. An act drafted by the [[Temperance League of Arkansas]] failed in election by an 167,578-122,252 margin in 1950. A mixed-drink bill framed by Governor [[Winthrop Rockefeller]] passed in 1969. Legislation championed by Senator [[Lu Hardin]] in 1993 made local-option votes on wet/dry counties more difficult by raising the petition requirement to 38 percent of all registered voters.
-The [[Dry Counties Coalition]] (DCC) was founded in the spring of 2009 as a response to the Arkansas Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board's decision allowing the Inn at Anderson House in Heber Springs to sell alcohol. The group stands against alcohol permits being given to establishments in dry counties. In a rally on May 30, 2009, at the state capital, [[Larry Thomas]] and other speakers protested for their cause.
+The [[Dry Counties Coalition]] (DCC) was founded in the spring of 2009 as a response to the Arkansas Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board's decision permitting the Inn at Anderson House in Heber Springs to sell alcohol. The group stands against alcohol permits being given to establishments in dry counties. In a rally on May 30, 2009, at the state capital, [[Larry Thomas]] and other speakers protested for their cause.
 ====Dry counties====

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 [[Image:Wet-counties.jpg|thumb|300px|Dry counties (white) in Arkansas. Map by Kim Risi.]]
-'''Dry counties''' emerged in Arkansas in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The Arkansas [[Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board]] is the administer of "wet-dry" status of the counties in Arkansas. Thirty four of the state's seventy-five counties are considered "wet" by the ABC. According to ABC, the retail sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages is legal in wet counties. In the remaining 41 dry counties, only a [[private club permit]] may be issued. Most of the wet counties have dry areas within their borders such as townships or cities. These are considered ''dry/wet'' or ''moist'' counties. The image to the right is an unofficial illustration of county liquor statuses as of 2010. The official local option status of an area can only be determined by reviewing records at a local County Clerk's office.
+'''Dry counties''' emerged in Arkansas in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The Arkansas [[Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board]] is the administrator of "wet-dry" statuses in Arkansas. Thirty four of the state's seventy-five counties are considered "wet" by the ABC. According to ABC, the retail sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages is legal in wet counties. In the remaining 41 dry counties, only a [[private club permit]] may be issued. Most of the wet counties have dry areas within their borders such as townships or cities. These are considered ''dry/wet'' or ''moist'' counties. The image to the right is an unofficial illustration of county liquor statuses as of 2010. The official local option status of an area can only be determined by reviewing records at a local County Clerk's office.
 Into the time of the [[Civil War]], Arkansas was known to be part of "the land of Dixie and whiskey." As early as the 1810s visitors to central Arkansas complained of traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work.
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 Liquor sales in hotels and restaurants was permitted under a General Assembly law passed in 1943. An act drafted by the [[Temperance League of Arkansas]] failed in election by an 167,578-122,252 margin in 1950. A mixed-drink bill framed by Governor [[Winthrop Rockefeller]] passed in 1969. Legislation championed by Senator [[Lu Hardin]] in 1993 made local-option votes on wet/dry counties more difficult by raising the petition requirement to 38 percent of all registered voters.
-Dry counties comprise about ten percent of the total number of counties in the United States. This ten percent of dry counties comprises about 18,000,000 people. Three states have more dry counties than Arkansas.
+The Dry Counties Coalition (DCC) was founded in the spring of 2009 as a response to the Arkansas Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board's decision allowing the Inn at Anderson House in Heber Springs to sell alcohol. The group stands against alcohol permits being given to establishments in dry counties. In a rally on May 30, 2009, at the state capital, [[Larry Thomas]] and other speakers protested for their cause.
 ====Dry counties====
 *Ashley