Cooper v. Aaron - Revision history

Phil: /* External links */

2009-01-12T06:32:40Z

‎External links

Phil at 05:30, 9 September 2008

2008-09-09T05:30:13Z

Phil at 04:20, 9 September 2008

2008-09-09T04:20:27Z

Phil at 04:20, 9 September 2008

2008-09-09T04:20:11Z

Phil at 03:32, 9 September 2008

2008-09-09T03:32:01Z

Phil: Aaron v. Cooper moved to Cooper v. Aaron

2008-09-09T03:15:11Z

Aaron v. Cooper moved to Cooper v. Aaron

Phil at 03:14, 9 September 2008

2008-09-09T03:14:57Z

Phil: New page: '''''Aaron v. Cooper''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock against the Little Rock School District which denied them access to local hi...

2008-07-12T04:46:55Z

New page: '''''Aaron v. Cooper''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock against the Little Rock School District which denied them access to local hi...

New page

'''''Aaron v. Cooper''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock against the [[Little Rock School District]] which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation.

By a 9-0 vote the Supreme Court affirmed the desegregation order made explicit in the the ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas'' decision of 1954. The ''Aaron'' decision also made clear that state legislatures could not overturn Supreme Court directives of their own accord.

The decision was rendered on September 12, 1958.

==References==

==External links==

*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:32, 12 January 2009
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	*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]		*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]

−	[[Category:Civil ~~rights~~]]	+	[[Category:Civil Rights]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:30, 9 September 2008
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	*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]		*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]

−	[[Category:Civil ~~Rights~~]]	+	[[Category:Civil rights]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:20, 9 September 2008
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	*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]		*[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]
		+
		+	[[Category:Civil Rights]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Cooper v. Aaron''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock, represented by the local branch of the NAACP, against the [[Little Rock School District]] which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation. The case was litigated beginning in 1955 and ended in 1958.
+'''''Cooper v. Aaron''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock, represented by the local branch of the NAACP, against the [[Little Rock School District]] which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation. The primary defendant in the case was local school board president [[William G. Cooper]]. Superintendent [[Virgil Blossom]] was also named as a co-defendant. The first plaintiff in the case, alphabetically, was John Aaron. The case was litigated against the school board by Wiley Branton for the Arkansas Legal Defense Fund beginning in 1955 and ending in 1958.
-By a 9-0 vote the Supreme Court affirmed the desegregation order made explicit in the ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas'' decision of 1954. The next year the Court weakened its stand by permitting a more gradual, accommodationist approach in ''Brown v. Board of Education II''.
+By a 9-0 vote the Supreme Court affirmed the desegregation order made explicit in the ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas'' decision of 1954. The next year the Court weakened its stand by permitting a more gradual, accommodationist approach in ''Brown v. Board of Education II'' ("all deliberate speed").
-However, the ''Cooper'' decision made clear that state legislatures could not overturn Supreme Court directives of their own accord. Arkansas Governor [[Orval Faubus]] contended that integration threatened to unhinge the community of Little Rock, and threatened to close Little Rock public schools in the fall of 1958 rather than see them integrated. Segregationist supporters hoped to defend Jim Crow laws and prevent integration by appealing to state's rights.
+In August 1956 Federal District Judge John E. Miller ruled that Little Rock's minimal desegregation plan met the requirements of ''Brown II'' in the first phase of '''''Cooper v. Aaron'''''. This decision was upheld in federal appeals court in early 1957. These early successes emboldened Faubus to bar black students from entering [[Central High School]] in September 1957, and for the Little Rock School District to maintain the all-white status of [[Hall High School]] in [[Pulaski Heights]].
-In a decision rendered on September 12, 1958, the Supreme Court ruled that Arkansas authorities had violated the U.S. Constitution. Faubus closed the schools anyway, and they remained closed until a special school board election took place in the spring of 1959.
+The Little Rock School Board asked Judge Harry J. Lemley to delay integration for two and a half years in the spring of 1958. This delay is granted. The Legal Defense Fund immediately appealed to the Eighth Circuit Court as well as to the U.S. Supreme Court. Arkansas Governor [[Orval Faubus]] contended that integration threatened to unhinge the community of Little Rock, and threatened to close Little Rock public schools in the fall of 1958 rather than see them integrated. Segregationist supporters hoped to defend Jim Crow laws and prevent integration by appealing to state's rights.
 The ''Cooper'' decision has been interpreted as the triumph of judicial social activism over gradualism and Southern defiance.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Cooper v. Aaron''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock against the [[Little Rock School District]] which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation.
+'''''Cooper v. Aaron''''' (1958) was a case pitting thirty-three African American students from Little Rock, represented by the local branch of the NAACP, against the [[Little Rock School District]] which denied them access to local high schools despite federal court orders mandating school desegregation. The case was litigated beginning in 1955 and ended in 1958.
-By a 9-0 vote the Supreme Court affirmed the desegregation order made explicit in the the ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas'' decision of 1954. The ''Cooper'' decision also made clear that state legislatures could not overturn Supreme Court directives of their own accord.
+By a 9-0 vote the Supreme Court affirmed the desegregation order made explicit in the ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas'' decision of 1954. The next year the Court weakened its stand by permitting a more gradual, accommodationist approach in ''Brown v. Board of Education II''.
-The decision was rendered on September 12, 1958.
+However, the ''Cooper'' decision made clear that state legislatures could not overturn Supreme Court directives of their own accord. Arkansas Governor [[Orval Faubus]] contended that integration threatened to unhinge the community of Little Rock, and threatened to close Little Rock public schools in the fall of 1958 rather than see them integrated. Segregationist supporters hoped to defend Jim Crow laws and prevent integration by appealing to state's rights.
 ==References==
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1958/1958_1/ The Oyez Project, ''Cooper v. Aaron,'' 358 U.S. 1 (1958)]

← Older revision	Revision as of 03:15, 9 September 2008
(No difference)