Category:Alcohol - Revision history

Phil at 14:35, 21 May 2011

2011-05-21T14:35:00Z

Phil at 14:34, 21 May 2011

2011-05-21T14:34:48Z

Phil at 14:00, 18 May 2011

2011-05-18T14:00:43Z

Phil at 04:56, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:56:50Z

Phil at 04:56, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:56:21Z

Phil at 04:43, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:43:56Z

Phil at 04:43, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:43:44Z

Phil at 04:38, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:38:29Z

Phil at 04:33, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:33:16Z

Phil at 04:26, 15 May 2011

2011-05-15T04:26:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 21 May 2011
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	[[Image:God-wine.jpg\|thumb\|300px]]		[[Image:God-wine.jpg\|thumb\|300px]]
	'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent New Madrid earthquake, the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.		'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent New Madrid earthquake, the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 21 May 2011
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		+	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.gmodules.com/ig/ifr?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fig%2Fmodules%2Fgoogle_insightsforsearch_interestovertime_searchterms.xml&up__property=empty&up__search_terms=%7C%7Cwine%7C&up__location=empty&up__category=0&up__time_range=empty&up__compare_to_category=false&synd=open&w=320&h=350&lang=en-US&title=Google+Insights+for+Search&border=%23ffffff%7C3px%2C1px+solid+%23999999&output=js"></script>
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	[[Image:God-wine.jpg\|thumb\|300px]]		[[Image:God-wine.jpg\|thumb\|300px]]
	'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent New Madrid earthquake, the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.		'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent New Madrid earthquake, the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.

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 [[Image:God-wine.jpg|thumb|300px]]
-'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent [[New Madrid earthquake]], the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.
+'''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent New Madrid earthquake, the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.
 In 1853 the [[General Assembly|Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.

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 In 1853 the [[General Assembly|Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.
-During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits. Into the time of the Civil War, Arkansas and the South continued to be known as "the land of Dixie and whiskey."
+During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits. Into the time of the Civil War Arkansas, and the South, continued to be known as "the land of Dixie and whiskey."
 In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.

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 In 1853 the [[General Assembly|Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.
-During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits.
+During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits. Into the time of the Civil War, Arkansas and the South continued to be known as "the land of Dixie and whiskey."
 In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 *Tom Dillard, "How's About a Drink?" ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' July 18, 2010.
 *Jack Schnedler, "Bottle Battles: The Never-Ending War Over Alcohol in Arkansas Plays Out in a Sprightly Exhibit and Book," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' May 8, 2005.
 ==External links==

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 '''Alcohol consumption''' is a divisive and enduring issue in Arkansas, driven over time by religion, politics, and economics. As early as 1768 Captain Alexandre de Clouet traveled to Arkansas Post on the orders of the Spanish governor to explain the debilitating effects of alcohol to the local [[Quapaw Indians]]. In 1787 the Spanish colonial government outlawed the sale of alcohol to the Quapaw, and [[Arkansas Territory]] extended the ban to all Arkansas Native American tribes in 1806. Ashen victims of the violent [[New Madrid earthquake]], the first clutch of Little Rockians resettled here under a relief bill passed in the 1810s, found themselves toe-to-toe with traveling bands of swindlers, mercenaries, and traders, many of them "swallowed up in dram-drinking, jockeying, and gambling." By 1820 central Arkansas was so thick with saloons that the state government began taxing them to slow down growth in the business. It didn't work. The [[Little Rock Temperance Society]], a chapter of the evangelical American Temperance Society, was founded in 1831. The Little Rock Temperance Society was populated with local businessmen and others in the middle class who wished to keep tippling at a minimum in order to promote order in a frontier society. Ten years later the [[Arkansas State Temperance Society]] organized a march through downtown Little Rock on Main Street.
-In 1853 the [[Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.
+In 1853 the [[State Legislature|Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.
 During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits.

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 The full intention of the "Bone Dry" Liquor Law of 1917 came to a climax in 1919 when Arkansas ratified the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, making the sale of alcohol illegal in the entire United States. Arkansas became the twenty-seventh state to ratify the Eighteenth Amendment. The [[Governor of Arkansas]] at the time, [[Charles Hillman Brough|Charles Brough]], was a major supporter of the 1917 act, as well as a supporter of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. An interesting footnote to the Prohibition fight in Arkansas is that many of the successes could be attributed to prominent African-Americans in the state urging blacks with voting rights to pass prohibition measures.
-[[Prohibition]] laws in general made clandestine drinking and [[bootlegging]] much more popular. Prohibition ended in failure. Fifty-nine percent of Arkansans voted for repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The federal withdrawal from legislated morality was accomplished by the Twenty-First Amendment in 1933. For two more years, Arkansas prohibited the sale of beer and wine with more than 3.2 percent alcohol by volume. In 1935, faced with yawning [[Great Depression|Depression-era]] deficits, the [[General Assembly]] legalized the manufacture and sale of all types and concentrations of alcoholic beverages to raise revenue.
+[[Prohibition]] laws in general made clandestine drinking and [[bootlegging]] much more popular. During Prohibition, the illegal distillation of alcohol was a significant business in Arkansas, especially in the [[Ouachita Mountains]]. Al Capone, who often visited Hot Springs for the spas and gambling, contracted with bootleggers in the Ouachita Forest to provide alcohol for his clubs in Chicago. This moonshine was shipped to Chicago in bottles and train cars labeled as belonging to the Hot Springs-based Mountain Valley Spring Water company.
 Liquor sales in hotels and restaurants was permitted under a General Assembly law passed in 1943.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 In 1853 the [[Arkansas State Legislature]] banned the sale of alcohol to slaves without owner permission.
-During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey to protect supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits.
+During the [[Civil War]], the state banned the manufacture of whiskey in order to husband supplies of corn for military use. The Confederate governor [[Harris Flanagin]] later admitted that the banning had failed. After the war, federal revenue agents began hunting down [[moonshiners]] in the state flaunting the federal excise tax on whiskey and other spirits.
 In 1876 the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) founds the the first Arkansas chapter of that organization in Monticello. The first state conference of the WCTU took place in Searcy in 1879. By 1888 the state had seventy-five WCTU chapters.
-[[General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on [[dry counties|dry county]] measures at least every two years.
+[[General Assembly]] in 1879 passed a local-option law requiring that Arkansas communities vote on [[dry counties|dry county]] measures at least every two years. An 1885 law closed saloons on Sundays, and an 1899 law outlawed the sale of alcohol from one private citizen to another. In 1894, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. Many counties by 1900 had already made themselves "[[dry counties|dry]]." The Anti-Saloon League fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations.
-In 1894, prominent businessmen and politicians organized themselves into the [[Arkansas chapter of the Anti-Saloon League]]. The organization fell apart around 1906 because of intense rivalries between church member denominations.
+The [[Arkansas Liquor Law of 1913]] made the entire state officially dry, though anti-prohibitionists claimed a small victory in that the act allowed saloons and bars to petition county courts for licenses, much like Arkansas bars and clubs do today. The [[Newberry Act of 1915]] outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol within state borders. In the year of the passage of the Newberry Act, only twelve counties remained "wet."
-The manufacture and sale of alcohol is prohibited by state law in the [[Newberry Act of 1915]]. In the year of the passage of the Newberry Act, only twelve counties remained "wet."
+The shipment of liquor into the state was prohibited two years later under the [["Bone Dry" Liquor Law of 1917|Arkansas State Liquor Law of 1917]]. Commonly called the "Bone Dry" Liquor Law, the 1917 law outlawed "the transportation, delivery, and storage of liquor, excepting only alcohols used for scientific, religious, and medical purposes." The "Bone Dry" Law finally finished off "wet" supporters in Arkansas by attempting to completely eliminate alcohol sales in the state. The only victory left for them to claim was a Supreme Court decision that the "Bone Dry" Law did not prevent individuals from crossing into the state with alcohol.
-The shipment of liquor into the state was prohibited two years later under the [["Bone Dry" Liquor Law of 1917]].
+The full intention of the "Bone Dry" Liquor Law of 1917 came to a climax in 1919 when Arkansas ratified the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, making the sale of alcohol illegal in the entire United States. Arkansas became the twenty-seventh state to ratify the Eighteenth Amendment. The [[Governor of Arkansas]] at the time, [[Charles Hillman Brough|Charles Brough]], was a major supporter of the 1917 act, as well as a supporter of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. An interesting footnote to the Prohibition fight in Arkansas is that many of the successes could be attributed to prominent African-Americans in the state urging blacks with voting rights to pass prohibition measures.
-Arkansas became the twenty-seventh state to ratify the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ([[Prohibition]]) in 1919.
+[[Prohibition]] laws in general made clandestine drinking and [[bootlegging]] much more popular. Prohibition ended in failure. Fifty-nine percent of Arkansans voted for repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The federal withdrawal from legislated morality was accomplished by the Twenty-First Amendment in 1933. For two more years, Arkansas prohibited the sale of beer and wine with more than 3.2 percent alcohol by volume. In 1935, faced with yawning [[Great Depression|Depression-era]] deficits, the [[General Assembly]] legalized the manufacture and sale of all types and concentrations of alcoholic beverages to raise revenue.
 Liquor sales in hotels and restaurants was permitted under a General Assembly law passed in 1943.
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 ==References==
 *Jack Schnedler, "Bottle Battles: The Never-Ending War Over Alcohol in Arkansas Plays Out in a Sprightly Exhibit and Book," ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' May 8, 2005.
@@ Line 35: / Line 34: @@
 *[http://www.oldstatehouse.com/exhibits/archive/john_barleycorn.aspx Old State House exhibit - John Barleycorn Must Die: The War against Drink in Arkansas]