Arkansas River
The Arkansas River is the sixth longest river in the United States (1,469 miles). In Arkansas the river cuts through the Ozark Plateau in the west and the Ouachita Mountains in the central part of the state, before meandering through the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain to the east. The river is part of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
The Arkansas River enters Conway County a few miles above Petit Jean Mountain. It passes through the Arthur V. Ormond Lock & Dam before passing by the county seat of Morrilton. Below Morrilton the river divides around Ellis Island. The river rounds Cypress Bend and bypasses an oxbow lake using the Morrilton Cutoff before entering Faulkner County. The river passes pioneer Cadron Settlement before passing under the Toad Suck Lock & Dam. The river curves around Hickmans Bend, Benedicts Bend, Devils Bend, and Fletcher Bend before entering Pulaski County at Palarm. At Maumelle the river passes around Reids Bend and through Rector Chute on its way to Murray Lock & Dam. At Burns Park the river rounds Greathouse Bend. Along the river in downtown Little Rock is the historic landmark La Petite Roche ("the little rock") from which the city derives its name. Near the Little Rock National Airport the river moves around Peach Orchard Bend and Gates Island. Below the city is the David D. Terry Lock & Dam. The river flows due south at this point, exiting the county near Tar Camp Park.
Several tributaries enter the river in central Arkansas, including Point Remove Creek, Cypress Creek, Cadron Creek, Taylor Creek, Tupelo Bayou, Beaverdam Creek, Palarm Creek, Mill Bayou, Big Maumelle River, Little Maumelle River, White Oak Bayou, Shillcut Bayou, Town Creek (historic), and Fourche Bayou.
The river in central Arkansas is home to black buffalo, bogmouth buffalo, common carp, freshwater drum, golden redhorse, grass carp, longnose gar, river carpsucker, shortnose gar, smallmouth buffalo, spotted gar, and spotted sucker fish.
River History
Early Exploration:
An expedition led by Lieutenant James B. Wilkinson descended the river in canoes. The group entered the river in Colorado and arrived at Arkansas Post on January 9, 1807.
Steamboating:
McClellan-Kerr System:
The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System is a system of navigable pools on the Arkansas River formed from seventeen locks, dams, and reservoirs extending from the Port of Catoosa near Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Montgomery Point near Dumas on the Mississippi River. The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas Rover Navigation System is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Little Rock District in Little Rock and Tulsa.
The $1.2 billion McClellan-Kerr system dedicated on June 5, 1971, by President Richard Nixon was the result of several decades of effort to improve port facilities, transportation, and flood control on the Arkansas River. As early as 1941 Senator Hattie Caraway and Representative Clyde T. Ellis lobbied in favor of an Arkansas River Valley Authority. Their efforts went unrewarded, but in 1956 Arkansas Senator John L. McClellan and Oklahoma Senator Robert S. Kerr secured passage of public works funds for waterway improvements and hydroelectric power generation. The district engineer in Little Rock responsible for construction of the Arkansas portion of the system was Colonel Charles L. Steel.
In 2008 slightly more than two million tons of commodities were transported over the system. Commodities moved in 2008 included petroleum products, iron, steel, fertilizers, sand, gravel, rock, and soybeans and other agricultural products.
Locks, Dams, and Powerhouses:
- Montgomery Point Lock and Dam
- Arkansas Post Canal
- W. F. Norrell Lock and Dam
- Joe Hardin Lock and Dam
- Emmett Sanders Lock and Dam
- Col. Charles D. Maynard Lock and Dam
- David D. Terry Lock and Dam
- Murray Lock and Dam
- Toad Suck Lock and Dam
- Arthur V. Ormond Lock, Dam, and Powerhouse
- Dardanelle Lock and Dam
- Ozark-Jeta Taylor Lock and Dam
- James W. Trimble Lock and Dam
Arkansas River Historical Society:
The Arkansas River Historical Society, founded in 1981, preserves the history of human activity along the Arkansas River and educate the public on river's role in mid-South life. The society operates a museum at the Port of Catoosa in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Parks
The Army Corps of Engineers maintains a number of parks along the River in Conway, Perry, Faulkner, and Pulaski counties. From upstream to downstream these are Cherokee Park, Sequoya Park, Point Remove Park, Cypress Creek Park, Cadron Settlement Park, Toad Suck Park, Old Ferry Landing Park, Bigelow Park, Maumelle Park, and Cook's Landing Park. City parks along the Arkansas River are Palarm Park in Mayflower, Two Rivers Park in west Little Rock, LaHarpe View Park in Little Rock, Burns Park in North Little Rock, and Julius Breckling Riverfront Park in downtown Little Rock.
References
- S. Charles Bolton, 25 Years Later: A History of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System in Arkansas (Little Rock: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District, 1995).
- Gerald T. Hanson and Carl H. Moneyhon, Historical Atlas of Arkansas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 5.
- Mary Yeater Rathburn, Castle on the Rock: The History of the Little Rock District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1881-1985 (Little Rock: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District, 1990).
